Learning a programming language : Fundamental Topics that are common to almost every programming language

Those who already grained a terrible experience when learning programming from unprofessional lecturers! Listen! Programming is not as much as  terrible  you've just experienced. And also you may already overwhelmed with  C, C++, JAVA and other languages taught one after another in consecutive semesters! Don't fear at all. Just learn the following topics and how they are used for a specific language, understand what are they and practice using them one by one. In a single word master all the following topics in one language. You'll soon see all these are common to all programming language and difference is just the syntax. You say printf("Assalamu alaikum") in C, println("Assalamu alaikum") in Java, Console.WriteLine("Assalamu alaikum") in C#, echo("Assalamu alaikum") in php! But the output is the same- Assalamu alaikum!